| Status | Check | Items |
|---|---|---|
| ● OK | Retracted publications | 0 |
| ● Please fix | DOI points to a different publication | 192 |
| ● Please fix | Items which are in the group more than once | 10 |
| ● Please fix | DOI field with an invalid DOI | 8 |
| ● Please fix | DOI which does not exist | 9 |
| ● Please fix | DOI field with a link or prefix instead of the DOI | 4 |
| ● Please check | ISSN not in the standard form | 1548 |
| ● Please check | DOI in the wrong field | 17 |
| ● Please check | DOI not found in OpenAlex | 2 |
| ● Please check | Missing or unusual publication year | 9 |
| ● Please check | Empty journal, volume, issue or pages, found in OpenAlex | 53 |
| ● Please check | Language not given as a language code | 34 |
| ● Please check | Items without DOI, ISBN, ISSN or URL | 552 |
| ● Please check | Items without DOI, for which OpenAlex has one | 235 |
| ● OK | OpenAlex ID in Extra not valid | 0 |
| ● For information | Items without their OpenAlex ID in Extra | 2316 |
| ● OK | Items without tags | 0 |
Zotero group AMA
Zotero data of 16 October 2026 · IPBES Literature Report 0.5.0 · source code on GitHub
This report shows the state of the Zotero group AMA (open the group in Zotero). It gives an overview of the literature in the group, and lists the items which should be corrected.
Each item in the lists can be opened in the Zotero web library or in the Zotero app on your computer, so that it can be corrected directly. Corrected items disappear from the lists the next time the report is updated. Some checks compare the items with OpenAlex, an open catalogue of scholarly publications.
Summary
Please fix: these items contain errors. Please check: these items may need a correction. For information: no action needed unless the group uses this, e.g. tags.
Items to fix
The lists are sorted by importance. Use the search field above a list to find an item. web opens the item in the Zotero web library, app in the Zotero app.
Retracted publications
These publications have been retracted. Check whether they should still be cited, and mark or remove them in Zotero.
✔ Nothing to fix.
DOI points to a different publication
The DOI of these items leads to a publication with a different title or year. Usually the DOI is wrong: open the DOI to see where it leads, and correct it in Zotero. Differences of one year (e.g. published online before print) are not listed.
Items which are in the group more than once
These items are in the group more than once, with the same DOI, or with the same title, year and first author. Keep one copy and merge or delete the others, e.g. with Duplicate Items in the Zotero app.
DOI field with an invalid DOI
The DOI field of these items contains something which is not a valid DOI. Correct or remove it.
DOI which does not exist
The DOI of these items does not exist at doi.org: usually a typo, a shortened DOI, or a DOI with extra characters at the end. Where the DOI without these characters exists, it is given as suggestion. Otherwise find the right DOI, or remove it (then the search by title in OpenAlex can offer one).
DOI field with a link or prefix instead of the DOI
The DOI field of these items contains the DOI as a link (https://doi.org/…) or with a prefix (DOI …). Citation styles add the link themselves, so it would appear twice. Replace it with the DOI only.
ISSN not in the standard form
The ISSN field of these items is not in the standard form 1234-567X (several separated by “,”), or contains something which is not a valid ISSN, e.g. an ISBN.
DOI in the wrong field
These items have no DOI in the DOI field, but a DOI in the URL or Extra field. Copy the DOI into the DOI field.
DOI not found in OpenAlex
These DOIs exist, but were not found in OpenAlex (DOIs which do not exist are listed above). If the DOI leads to the right publication, the publication is simply not (yet) in OpenAlex and nothing needs to be done.
Missing or unusual publication year
These items have no date, a date from which no year could be read, or a year in the future. Correct the date in Zotero.
Empty journal, volume, issue or pages, found in OpenAlex
These journal articles have an empty journal, volume, issue or pages field, and OpenAlex has the value for their DOI. Check it with the DOI and fill in the field.
Language not given as a language code
The language of these items is not given as a language code (en, fr, en-US), e.g. as English or eng. Citation styles only recognise the codes. Where the language was recognised, the code is shown; otherwise look up the code in the ISO 639-1 list.
Items without DOI, ISBN, ISSN or URL
Readers cannot easily find these items. Add a DOI, ISBN, ISSN or URL if one exists. Some items, e.g. personal communications, have none.
Items without DOI, for which OpenAlex has one
OpenAlex was searched by title for items without a DOI (journal articles, books, book sections, reports, conference papers, theses, preprints). The publications found are compared by title, year and first author: a likely match agrees in all three, a possible match has a similar title, but e.g. a different year or author. Open the DOI to check that it is the same publication, and add the DOI in Zotero.
OpenAlex ID in Extra not valid
The line OpenAlex: … in the Extra field of these items is not an OpenAlex ID, is not in OpenAlex (wrong, or the record was merged into another one), or leads to a different publication. Open the item and the OpenAlex record to check, and correct or remove the line.
✔ Nothing to fix.
Items without their OpenAlex ID in Extra
These items were found in OpenAlex by their DOI, but their Extra field has no line OpenAlex: W… with the ID of the publication in OpenAlex, or a different one. The ID links the item to OpenAlex. A different ID can come from OpenAlex merging records; open both to check.
Items without tags
These items have no tags. This only matters if the group uses tags, e.g. to assign items to chapters.
✔ Nothing to fix.
The group at a glance
| Figure | Value |
|---|---|
| Items in the group | 3610 |
| Items with a valid DOI | 70% |
| DOIs found in OpenAlex | 100% |
| Open access, of the publications found in OpenAlex | 48% |
| Grey literature (reports, theses, web pages, preprints, …) | 14% |
| Items in English | 17% |
| Items without language | 83% |
Publication years
Types of items
Open access
Open access status of the publications found in OpenAlex. Gold and diamond: open in an open access journal; hybrid: open in a subscription journal; green: an open copy is in a repository; bronze: free to read on the publisher’s site; closed: not openly available.
Most frequent journals
| Journal | Items |
|---|---|
| Science | 121 |
| Nature | 72 |
| Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 67 |
| Biological Conservation | 56 |
| PLoS ONE | 49 |
| BioScience | 46 |
| Conservation Biology | 45 |
| Global Change Biology | 45 |
| Ecological Economics | 38 |
| Forest Ecology and Management | 37 |
How the checks work
NoteDetails of the checks
identifiers
DOI coverage (met_id_doi)
Number and share of items with a valid DOI, and items whose DOI field is filled but contains no valid DOI. DOIs are extracted with openalexPro::extract_doi() and lower cased.
ISBN coverage (met_id_isbn)
Number and share of items with an ISBN, overall and for the item types which should have one (book, bookSection).
ISSN coverage (met_id_issn)
Number and share of items with an ISSN, overall and for the item types which should have one (journalArticle, magazineArticle).
ISSN not in the standard form (met_id_issn_form)
Items whose ISSN field is not in the standard form: each ISSN as 1234-567X (with hyphen, capital X), several separated by “,”. The ISSNs are checked with their check digit. If all are valid, the standard form is proposed; otherwise the item is listed with the ISSNs which are not valid.
DOIs in the wrong field (met_id_doi_misplaced)
Items with an empty DOI field but a DOI in the Url or Extra field. These DOIs are not used for the OpenAlex lookup and should be moved to the DOI field.
DOIs in the wrong form (met_id_doi_form)
Items whose DOI field contains a valid DOI, but not as a bare DOI: as a link (https://doi.org/10.…), with a prefix (doi:, DOI), URL-encoded (%5B for [) or with spaces or other characters around it. Citation styles add the link themselves, so a link in the DOI field appears twice in a bibliography. The bare DOI is the one recognised by openalexPro::extract_doi(), keeping its upper and lower case.
DOIs which do not exist (met_id_doi_exists)
Items whose DOI field contains a DOI in the right form which does not exist at doi.org: usually a typo, a shortened DOI, or a DOI with extra characters at the end (., ;, a link to supplementary material). Only DOIs which are not found in OpenAlex are checked at doi.org. Where the DOI without the extra characters at the end exists, it is given as suggestion.
Items without identifier (met_id_none)
Items with none of DOI, ISBN, ISSN or Url. These items can neither be checked against OpenAlex nor easily be retrieved by readers.
DOIs found in OpenAlex for items without a DOI (met_id_candidates)
For items without a DOI, OpenAlex was searched by title (see [get_doi_candidates()]). The works found are compared with the item: title (ignoring case and punctuation), year and the surname of the first author. A work is a likely match if the titles are (nearly) the same (similarity at least 0.95), the years differ by at most 1 and the first authors have the same surname (year or author are not compared if the item has none), and the title has at least 4 words (short titles like “Zoonoses” are too general). It is a possible match if the titles are similar (at least 0.8). All likely and possible works with a DOI are kept, sorted per item, best first. DOIs used by another item in the group are noted (the item would be a duplicate).
metadata
Filled fields per item type (met_meta_fields)
Percentage of items with a filled field, per item type, for the main fields: Title, Author, Publication Year, Publication Title, Publisher, DOI, ISBN, ISSN, Url, Abstract Note and Language. Not every field is expected for every item type, e.g. reports have no Publication Title.
Problematic publication years (met_meta_year)
Items whose date is missing (missing), from whose date Zotero could not derive a year (unparseable), or whose year lies in the future (future).
Duplicate items (met_meta_duplicates)
Items which are in the group more than once, identified by the same DOI, or by the same normalised title (lower case, letters and digits only), publication year and first word of the first author.
Language not given as a standard code (met_meta_language)
Items whose language is not given as a standard language code, i.e. a two-letter ISO 639-1 code, optionally with a region (en, en-US), but e.g. as a name (English), a three-letter code (eng) or in a different spelling (EN, en_us). Citation styles and other tools only recognise the codes. Where the value is recognised, the standard code is proposed, based on the ISO 639-2 list (R package ISOcodes): codes, three-letter codes and the English names of the languages. Other values, e.g. names in the language itself, several languages or other text, are listed without a proposal.
openalex_check
Zotero DOIs found in OpenAlex (met_check_found)
Valid Zotero DOIs which were / were not found in OpenAlex. A DOI which is not found is either not indexed by OpenAlex or wrong (see met_id_doi_exists for DOIs which do not exist). DOIs of works which OpenAlex has under another DOI (e.g. the old and the new DOI of an article) count as found.
Retracted works (met_check_retracted)
Works flagged as retracted by OpenAlex, with the key of the Zotero item(s) with the same DOI.
Wrong DOIs (met_check_mismatch)
Items whose DOI points in OpenAlex to a work with a different title or year, which usually means that the wrong DOI is attached to the item. An item is flagged when the title similarity (normalised Levenshtein distance) is below 0.8 or the years differ by more than one.
Item type agreement (met_check_type)
Zotero item type compared with the OpenAlex work type for items with the same DOI.
Missing dates found in OpenAlex (met_check_date)
Items without a date whose DOI was found in OpenAlex: the publication date in OpenAlex is proposed. OpenAlex gives 1 January when only the year is known, so such dates are proposed as the year only. Items whose DOI points to a different publication are left out.
Empty fields found in OpenAlex (met_check_fill)
Journal articles with an empty journal, volume, issue or pages field whose DOI was found in OpenAlex with these details: the values in OpenAlex are proposed. The journal is only taken if the publication is in a journal in OpenAlex (not e.g. a repository). Page ranges which end before they start (e.g. 1260-2, shortened or wrong) are not proposed. Items whose DOI points to a different publication are left out.
OpenAlex ID in the Extra field (met_check_openalex_id)
Items whose DOI was found in OpenAlex, compared with the OpenAlex ID noted in their Extra field (a line OpenAlex: W…). Items without such a line can get it, which links them to OpenAlex for later checks. Items with a different ID are listed for checking: OpenAlex merges records, and the ID of a merged record redirects to the new one. Items whose DOI points to a different publication are left out.
OpenAlex ID in the Extra field not valid (met_check_extra_id)
Checks the lines OpenAlex: … in the Extra field (looked up by [get_extra_ids()]). A line is not valid if - it is not an OpenAlex work ID (W and digits), - the item has several lines with different IDs, - the ID is not in OpenAlex (wrong, or merged into another record), or - the work is a different publication: its DOI is not the DOI of the item, or, for items without DOI, its title is not similar (similarity below 0.8, see [title_similarity()]).
profile
Publication years (met_prof_year)
Number of items per publication year, with cumulative counts. Items without a year are counted as NA.
Open access status (met_prof_oa)
OpenAlex open access status (gold, diamond, green, hybrid, bronze, closed) of the works, overall and per publication year.
Top journals (met_prof_journals)
The 50 most frequent journals, from the Publication Title in Zotero and the source of the primary location in OpenAlex. Ties at rank 50 are included.
Item types and grey literature (met_prof_types)
Number of items per item type (Zotero) or work type (OpenAlex), and the share of grey literature, i.e. reports, theses, dissertations, web pages, documents, presentations, manuscripts, blog posts and preprints.
Languages (met_prof_language)
Languages as entered, and normalised to two letter codes (lower case, region removed, English spellings mapped to en). Inconsistent codes in the language as entered are a quality issue in themselves.
maintenance
Group activity (met_maint_activity)
Items added per month, and items added / modified in the 30 days before the metrics were calculated.
IPBES Literature Report 0.5.0 · source code on GitHub (© IPBES.LiteratureReport authors, MIT licence) · reports and data on this website: CC0 1.0 (no rights reserved)